Machine



D. 2 9, 1931. w, BALL 1,838,209

CALCULATING MACHINE i Filed Dec. 30, 1927 6 Sheets-Sheet l ifea-ntf.

Dec. 2.9, lj931. w. BALL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. ISO, 1927 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Deo. y3o. 192,1 e sheets-Sheet 3 i, W, al #I a, zw. A

Dec. 29, 1931'. w, BALL 1,838,209

CALGULATING. MACHINE Filed Dec. 30. 1927 6 sheets-sheet 4 'lm/enm- De@ 29, 1931. w, BALL, 1,838,209

CALCULAT ING MACHI NE Filed Dec. 30, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Inventar? WJfZz'd/m/ Bill l @iE-5M Dec. 29, 1931. w. BALL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 30. 11927 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented Dec. 29, 1931 UNITED STATES y WILLIAM BALL, oF WALLINGTON, ENGLAND CALCULATING MACHINE g Application mea December 3o, 1927, seriali'NeQaIaso, and in Great Britain December a1, 192e.

This invention relates to calculating ma.- chines furnished with a series of number wheels which are operated through mecha-r nism the'extent of movement of which is controlled by hand-actuatedkeys and in which both addition and subtraction can be performed. y

The chief object ofV the invention is to improve and simplify the construction of such 1^ machines, decrease the number of operations required to actuate the machines and to increase their eiliciency.

Another object ofthe present invention is to provide mechanism for operating al num- Vf ber wheel and a rowof keys controlling such wheel which are all mounted and assembled as a complete unit and can mostly be made froml stampings or the like.

Another object of the invention is to prof vide mechanism whereby direct subtraction can be obtained as distinguished from the known method of adding a number equivalent tothe capacity of themachine lessthe actuallnumber to be subtracted. y

Another object of the invention is to provide mechanism whereby a transfer from one wheel to another can be' effected directly both in the operations of addition and subtraction.

According to the present invention there'is /i employed for operating each number wheel a normally movablevmember, the extent 0f movement of which is determined by the operation of one of a series of-keysand al normally stationary member which is automati- 3 cally released for the transfer of an integer from one wheel to another either in the procc ess of addition or subtraction, to vary the movement of the operating member as de' termined by the actuated key. f

' i The normally stationary member may be retained by a catch which automatically re-.

leases the stationary member when an integer is to be transferred. Two catches may be employed for each normally stationary member, one holding said member against movement.

Y Thekeys in the key-board are preferably sov constructed and arranged that. depression of F )Y one key In a row releases any'key depressed In that row, whereby a ready meansV of rectifying a mistake is provided without necessitat-ing a clearance of the key-board and a recommencement. y

Other novel features will be hereinafter described and specified in the appended claims. 55

In the drawings Figure 1 is a plan of a complete machine embodying the present invention but without the means for printing the items. l

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through 60 the machine showing one row o f keys and associated parts forming a unit.

Figure 3 is an underside view of the row of keys of one section of the key-board.

Figure 4 is an elevation of a single key. 6:5l Figures 5, 6 and 7 are fragmentary perspec-y tive views showing means for retaining the keys in the depressed condition and `releasing the same. 4

Figure 8 Vis an end view of the key-board, '10y looking from the rear of the same.

Figures 9 and 10 are detail views.

Figure 11 is a fragmentary view of one section of the key-board showingV the various levers and catches for effectingthe transfer 75 from one column tov thenext, in the normal adding position. Y y I Figure 11a is an elevation of a'lnumber wheel showing the transferring projections kp thereon, f 80 Figure 12 is a similar View to Figure 11 showing the levers operated to add an item to the section, this item having been transferred from the section of neXt lower denomi#` n nation. n 85 Figure 13 is a viewfshowing the disposition of the levers when in the normal sub'- tracting position. v y f `Figure 14 is a view showing the disposi# Y p tion )of the'levers when transfer is taking 90v place during subtraction. e

Figure 15 is a fragmentary view of the subtracting key and its associated mechanism;v

Figure 16 is a detail view.

Figure 17sh0ws the" mechanism for clear- 95- ing the keyboard and y Figure 18 is another detail view. The keys (see Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4) each 'comprise fiat plungers a having koperating heads a1, said plunger-s being mounted inslots in the sections of the keyboard o2 with their lower ends passing through guiding strips a, spaced apart by standards (r1. The keys are provided on one side with projections e the upper edge o' which terms an. abutment to take against the underside ot the keyboard ou to limit the upward movement ol" the keys. On the opposite side of the keys is a similar projection the upper edge oi" which may also form an abutment. This projection is, how ever, provided with upper and lower slots e and a7 separated by a nose as. Between the bottom ot the projections on the key and the guide plate of; is arranged a compression spring a".

ln Figure 5 the Vfirst key of the row is shown depressed, while the other keys are in their normal position. ln order to retain the keys in the depressed condition and so that the depression of any one key in a given row ot keys causes a depressed key to be released, there is employed a rod o (see Figures to 8) having a plurality of arms or claws o .and controlled by a spring 7)'1' atta hed to an arm b2 and to a plate f. he arms 1 are each adapted to co-act with one key and to take into either the slot at or the slot o7 according to whether the key is in the depressed or raised position. By this means also, the depressing of one key releases any other key which is depressed in this row. The ii st key is shown depressed, (in Figs. 5 and G) and the arm b1 is in the slot a, the other arms o1 lying in the slots el of the other keys. )Vixen a second key is depressed, the nose as thereot` acts on the corresponding arm o1, depressing it, and hence all the arms bl and rod o are rocked.' In the ease of the keys which are not depressed, the arms b1 rock freely but in the case of a depressed key the arm b1 slides along the upper surface of the nose L8 as shown in Figure 6, and moves past the end of the nose, whereupon any depressed key will be returned to the normal position by its spring of. When a rey has been dejnessed, it assumes the position shown in Figure 7, whereupon the correr'zponding arm o1 snaps into the slot as and retains it in its depressed position. i

Should therefore, the wrong integer be indexed it will only be necessary to depress the correct key or a release key e hereafter referred to, whereupon the mistal-:e will be rectified.

The keyboard mounted on side standards c screwed to the hase c1 and the whole ma -cl ine is provided with a cover c2 ha ving an a ture through which the l-eyhoard projects and also having a glazed aperture c through which the number whe-els 17. can be viewed Figures 1 and Stretchers or carrier frames c, one for each row of keys, are arranged across the machine. Each stretcher is provided with a slot ef in which slides a pin or projection c (Fig. 2) outstanding from the upper or norm'ally movable rack e2. The projections 0"" prevent side play of the racks c2 and they also constitute stops to arrest said racks in Zero position. The lower portion of the stretcher c carries the normally stationary rack c4. This rack is held by the upturned end ci ol a lever e taking into the registering slots el and ci in the lower rack and stretcher respectively (see Fig. 111;). The lower rack c4 is also provided with two projecting headed pins c which slide in elongated slots (110 in the stretcher so that the lower rack c can be moved to occupy 'the position shown in Figure 12 by reason ot the pins sliding in the slot-s. Between the upper and lower racks e2 and @4 respectively runs a pinion e (see Fig. 2) connected by a link cl2 (see F10'. 9) to a wheel. operating rack cl3 which is slotted as at 0U' to slide on nus c see Figs. 2 and 13 on the stretcher. r C) g lhe upper rack c is provided at its trent end with a libre or other abutment 016 (see Fig.

2) which is adapted to engage Yith the lower end of any depressed key in its corresponding row, and is shown in Fig. 2 as contacting with the release key a of the row; this tor the reason that at the completion ol au operating stroke, when all parts are set to normal7 the release keys of all units (each unit, .hat is to say, comprising a stretcher and its associated racks, keys and transfer device) are automatically depressed to lock the top racks, so that it no amount is set up or indexed in a particular unit, nothing will be run into or registered in the corresponding number wheel. Hence, when a rack oit any unit is in its zero position, its abutment e1 will be engaged by the correspending` release key until a number or indexing key oi" the same unit is depressed, whereupon the release key is raised and releases the rack. By rerson of the abutment c1 taking against a depressed key the movement ot the upper rack is limited to an amount corresponding to value of the key depressed and hence the movement of the operating rack 013 is liniited correspondingly.

Disposed on the base c1 of the machine are two bearings c4 between which is carried the main operating shaft f. This shaft projects through the side ol. the casing c2 and is provided with an operating handle fl. The shat't is provided with a gear wheel. f2 which engages with a gear wheel f ou a sh aft fL carried in brackets c5 secured to the machine. Secured to the shaft ft are aru'rs gy, one for each row of keys, and to the upper ed of each arm is pivoted a link (/1. The link Yf/1 is provided at its rear end with a slot g2 so that there is a certain amount ot lost motion in this transmission. The link g1 is provided with an elongated slot g (see Fig. 2) in which is arranged the pin e ot the previ- Ously-mentioned pinion c (sec Fig. 9).

This pinv is held friction tight in the slot g3 by means of fibrey washers @1S arrangedone on each side of the link g1, and pressed against the link g1 by a springe1u and regulating nut 02. Then the handle f1 is operated the arms g' are moved in an anticlockwise direction and, Vafter taking up the lost motion diie to the slot g2, pull the pinion c along the lower rack e4 which is held stationary, until the abutment el on the rack c2 comes into contact with a depressed key, whereupon the pinion is held against further movement, and continued movement of the arms g causes the link g1 to slide past the fibre washers @18. Then, when the handle is allowed to return.,v under spring or other pressure, the arms g movein a clockwise direction and return the pinions andv upper racks to their forward position and continued rotation of the arms g will causethe slots g3 to slide past the libre washers and return the links and the parts associated therewith to their normal position. A dashpot may be arranged at any suitable part of the machine to delay the return of the handle.

During the vprocessof additionthe pinions (Zn on the number wheels d are brought into contact with the operating racks 613 at the time when the handle f1 starts to return to its normal position so that said operating 4racks 613 in their return run revolve the wheels to the required extent. The said wheels d are each rotatable on a shaft d1 carried b v a bell crank cl2, one bell crank being provided for each section of the machine. These bell cranks or levers d2 are pivoted on pins d3 projecting from the stretchers e. At the lower end of each of these levers 'd2 is arranged a pivot pin (Z4 which projects through an elon gated slot Z5 in one end of a link d, the other end of which is pivoted to an arm Z7 also secured to the main operating shaft f, of the machine. Y The link d6 has an enlarged portion als (see Fig. l0) forming a friction grip or lock between the parts cl2 and d Thus, when the handle f1 is depressed, the arm d? is pulled forward taking with it the link de; The pins d* areprovided with lipped. washers d in order to enable them to slide in the slots against the action of the springs d1". As the link Z6 moves forwardittends due to the friction on the pin el?, to draw the lower arm of the bell crank d2 forward, thus keeping the pinion E12 ony the number wheel d out of mesh with `the operating rack cl3. Willen, however, the handle returns, the tendency of the link d is tzbpush the bell crank backwardly and this is accentuated by reason ofthe friction on the pin Z4 with the result that the lower arm is pushed backwards and pinions d are brought down into engagement with the operating racks 613 which thus rotate the number wheels to the required extent.

at the part accommodating the spindle d1;

In order to prevent the number wheelsd rotating when they are out of engagement with the operating racks 613a peg d (see Figs. 11, l2'and 13) may be provided for each wheel outstanding from a projection d on the stretcher e and adapted to engage in the teeth of the corresponding pinion du, as soon as the latter commences to rise out of the rack e.

Describing now` the method of transferring from one column to the next during the process ofaddition, and referring more particularly to Figures 11, 11a and l2, each-number wheel cl is provided with a projecting pawl dlg which, when in a positionV such that the number wheel pinion is in mesh with the teeth of rack c and a total is' showing through the glazed panel 03, rests against the upper end 621 of the lever e which is pivoted at 622 to the stretcher e pertaining to the unit of next higher denomination asshown in Figure 1l. Then when a further impulse is given to the number wheel under consideration, the pawl d@ moves past the end e of thelever e and in sol doing moves the lever upwardly sufficiently to cause the recess @23 in the lever to move clear of the nose h of the pawl h1 which is pivoted at k2 to the stretcher, and said nose then drops into the notch e2* where it holds the lever @G in position (see Fig., 12), due to pawl h1 being controlled by a spring ha. Thus, the upturned end e5 of the lever e is retained out of the slots e7 and es. The pawl (Z13 of one number wheel is arranged to 0perate on the lever e6 of the next denomination, VThis actuation of the lever c must take place on the return movement of the operating racks. Now consider the case of a row in which the lever e6 has been operated: the

upper` rack e2 will run back until it resumes its normal position and then, on continued movement of the link g1, the rack c2 will become fixed and the normally fixed rack c* will be moved with the result that the pin e will slide-in the slot 01 until the rack e4 takes up the position shown in Figure l2. Alternatively the two racks :may move as a unit. The length of the slots em on either side of the mid point is made to correspond to a distance equal to two teeth of the racks and thus, due to the lower rack e4 having slid along the stretcher, the pinion e will have moved forward another tooth. ,This extra movement of the pinion will be communicatedthrough the operating rack e213 to the number wheel and so a unit will be added to the number wheel every time the tooth of the preceding Wheel operates the lever 007 i. e. once at every complete revolution of the wheel assuming that the tooth is provided on the wheel for that purpose.

At the end of an operating stroke, a bar (lm that forms part of paivl a; comes into engagement with a pin m il and 12) on the extended arm /i'L of the pawl 701, thus raising the pawi /i and allowing it to snap past a projection into the recess or notch o23. This leaves the upturned end e of the lever e free to return into the slots e7 and es when they come into reoister.

When the handle is moved forward to add the sont item, the number wheel pinioin-i are raised ont of in' h with the operating,` racks el. The bottom racks then move back, and due to the slight amount of friction between the racks e2 and ed and the stretcher7 the racks and pinions will move as a unit until the bottom rack e* assumes its normal position when the upturned end d of the lever e snaps into the registernigl slots e7, and locks the bottom rack in position. lf no keys are depressed in the column, the top rack will become the Atired rack .and the bottom rack will move until the slots e? and es register when as above described the bottom rack will become locke( 1While the racks and pinions are moving as a unit, the pinion ell moves tivo teeth for two teeth of the upper rack and so the operatingl rack is enabled to make up for the entra tootl it moved forward without affecting the working of the machine. The lost motion occasioned by the slot g2 in the link g1 enables the number Wheels Z to be raised clear of the operatii'igg racks before the same are run back and also enables 'the lever e to be released before the ra :ks commence to move to add the .next item.

As above described, during addition the number Wheel. pinions vare held out of mesh with the operating' racks el While the racks are setting themselves to the keys depressed and are held in mesh with the operating racks while the racks are being returned to their normal position. New, for subtraction, it is merely necessary to reverse this order and keep the nuiul Wheels .in mesh While the racks are we `ing tifenuselves and keep them out of mesh while the racks are being returned. Suitable means are provided for obtaining' this reversal of movement either automatically or manually but preferably a key t is pivoted at /zl (see Fig. l5) and is adapted to .slide in a slot in the keyboard. This slot is provided on one side With three detents into which the key can be placed7 (see Fig. l) the central position beingrir a neutral position. The key is connected to the bell-crank lever (Z2 by a link u- Which is pivoted to the bell crank lever Z2 at al and slidably connected to the key at u2 and is held friction-tight on the key t. When the key t is pressed towards the number' wheelsl the link u will press the lower limb of the lever Z2 rearwardly HCl will bring the number wheels into mesh with the operatingi racks cl3. The number which it is desired to subtract may be set up in the keyboard, and by operating the handle fl the racks will revolve the number Wheels in the reverse direction to the desired extent to subtract from the total the number up in the keyboard. Before the handle /31 is allowed to return.I the key t is pressed backward to its furthest position when the nun'lber wheels d will be held out of mesh While the racks are returning to their normal position.

Describing now the method of obtaining the transfer during` subtraction: it will be appreciated that while in vaddition the transfer is effected at 9, in subtraction the transfer must be etiected at 0. For this purpose a pin d20 on the number wheel d which is used for subtraction is displaced With respect to the pawl Z13 used for addition a space equal to the angular rotation equivalent to one digit on a wheel (see Fig. lle).

in subtraction a key e (see Fig. l) is operated which may be connected by a link o with the key t, this link o being' connected with the lever e as at el Fig. l2). The key o is adapted to pull the lever c forwinfd until it assumes the position shown .in Figure 13, i. e., With the bent end or catch o V1.veil clear of the slots e7 and es and with the nose 7e. of the pawl arm 7o in a second notch e in the lever e. Also pivoted at e2: is a lever w which extends on either side of the pivotj being provided at its forward end with a turned up catch 201 which takes tlnfouth a slot e2 in the stretcher e. the slot (W b of such length that when the catch w" is in its uppermost position it is clear of the rack c* but when in its lowermost position it slides down to the bottom of the slot .122 and there forms an abutment against which. the rearward end of the rack eIl hits. The lever w is also provided with a pawl ci the nose of Which is adauted to engage teeth ff' on an arm on the lever e. The paivl a: is pivoted at fr" to the lever 1o and entends rearwardly. The paivl a; is connected by a spring' ai vfitli the lever cc'. Vhen the key e operated to pull the lever e forward. the lever fio is also pulled forward by the spring; ad so that the i arts assume the position shown in Figure 1S. i rllhe part @21 of the lever e is thus moved into such a position as not to be cnnan'efl by the arm (Z13 While the extreme point fuif" of the lever fw is engaged by a pin 12" on tbc number Wheel. iVhen transfer during'subtraction to take place, the pin (Zw engage; the end /wa of the lever 10 and `nuoves it into the position shown in Figure 141-. Here, the catch fw has been lifted clear of the rear end of the rack due to the rearward movement of the lever 10. rEhen when the racks are run back, the

rack e* will slide a distance equal to two teeth backwardly whereupon,due to the doubling motion, a further unit will be subtracted from the number wheels." On the return run, the racks will be reset'as above referred to in connection with the addition transfer, the arms h1 and fw being given an impulse at the end of each stroke to release the pawls ZL and w from the teeth and so return the levers to the position shown-in Figure 11 under the action of the spring 66X. It

does not matter even if the bottom rack moves past its normal position so that it takes up the addition transfer position shown in FigurelQ as in this case this eXtra movement will be taken up at theneXt addition as referred to above in connection with the addition transfer, the catch e5 being ready to snap into the slots ve7V and es when theyy register.

Attached rigidly to the shaft f is a member 7' (see Figures 1,6 and-17 This kmember y' is provided with three or other suitable numberof small vprojections jl adapted `to engage witha small arm jg pivoted at ja to one of the standards c. This arm is controlled by the spring j* so that it snaps over the projections y" and thus enables the` operator to be sure that the handle ,ft has been fully depressed by feeling the three smallsnaps as the arm jg snaps over the projections jl. Also arranged loosely on the pivot pin j? is a lever onearm` 7c of which is adapted to be engaged by a pin j on the member j to rock the leverA every time the handle f1 is operated. The other arm Zal of this lever extends upwardly and is provided with an enlarged upper end k2 having an arcuate slot k3 therein which works about a guide pin kj, disposed on the side standard. Pivoted at la to the enlarged end ,702 is a sliding bar Z which runs down the right hand side of the key boa-rd under special keys marked T. C., C. and R. (see Figure l). The sliding bar Z is provided with a flexible joint under the repeat key marked R and for this purpose'itinay be twisted near, its end as at Zl and have slidably mounted thereon a fur-V ther bar Z3 bent up on itself as at Z2 as to form a portion of inverted U section. `This bar Z3 extends forwardly. y The part Z2 has elongated slots Z4 through which, and similar slots in the bar Z are passed bolts Z5, fibre washers being arranged on top and below the parts and a spring ZG being provided on the bolts Z5 in a similar manner tothat described in connection with thepinio-n en. To the forward end of the bar Z3 is pivoted a bell crank lever m which is pivoted at "m1 to brackets m2 on the underside of the key board. The other arm m3 of the lever m is provided with a bar mA1 which runs along the front of the keyboard.. VA further bellv crank lever corresponding to the bell crank lever m may, if desired, be arranged at the further end of the machine and if founddesirable to prevent twisting of the bar m4 the operating mechanism may be duplicated at the further end of `the machine.

v TheA front key allof each of the .rows of keys is hereinafter. referred to as the stop key and does not correspond to any ligure. Each of these keys is provided with a projecting pin al adapted to be engaged by the bar m4. Thus every time the bar m4 moves downwardly,it will depress all the stop keys a and so clear the keyboard.

member y' thepin y'5 engages the arm k and rocks the upper end of the arm k1 and, therefore, causes the sliding bar Z to move backf wards and forwards. The arm k1 is con-` trolled by a spring Zoso that the arm k snaps forwardly and backwardly over the in j and the bar Z3 is placed under tension` y the spring Z7. `When the4 handleV f1k is moved downwardly, vthe stop jf' moves the arm k forwardly, thus movingthe arm k1 rearwardly, and this movement is communicated along the bars Z, Z3 to the bell crank lever m, the bar m4 thus being raised. At a certain period, the arm c snaps past the `stop Then on the At each movement of the sector shaped Y return movement of the handle the arm k1 is forced forwardly which causes the bar m*V to be depressed. Just prior to the` snapping of the arm le past the stop 7'5, the barm* has depressed all the stop keys sufficiently to'cause the arms b1 of the release bar bto snapV into the slots a. therein. This will clear the key board.k Thus at every operation of the handle 1 the number which is set up in the key board y depressing the proper keys is added to the number wheels as described above, transfer taking place if necessary, and the ke board 'is automatically cleared to receive t e next item. y. 2

Five teeth Z12 are provided on the tenshillings wheel so that in one complete revolution the transfer will take place ive times (i. e. 10() shillings=54=5 transfers). Also, although all the keys in the row corresponding to the tens of shillings are numbered l, yet depression of any one vof these keys will only `allow the upper rack to move twoteeth,V

to give a single tooth movement of the operating rack and hence a single tooth movement to the wheel CZ. This maybe accomplished by providing an outstanding stop on the stretcher to limit the movement of the rack. By having a seriesofkeys fory the tens of shillings the operators work is materially lessened as the key for the tens of shillings at the side of the unit-shillings ke can be depressed at the same time as t e unitshillings key.

Three teeth for transfer will be provided on the farthings Wheel as one complete revolution'thereof will correspond to three pence.l

(FIA.

suitable link with the sliding bar Z so that it is given an impulse at every operation of the bar Z.

In some cases it may be desired to clear the key board apart from the automatic clearing provided when the handle f1 is operated. To this end a key may be provided which passes through a slot in the keyboard (see Fig. 17). This key is inclined rearwardly lli position.

at 01 on the underside of the keyboard and is provided at its extreme end with a depending' portion 02. The inclined portion is adapted to engage with a. stop 03 on the bar Z so that when the key 0 is depressed the bar is moved i'iorwardly and thus brings the bar m* down as to depress the stop keys and hence clear the key boa-rd. The downwardly projecting portion 02 of the key does not normally bear on the stop 03 but is displaced a short distance therefrom in order to allow the normal movement of the pin 03 to take place when the handle f1 of the machine is operated.

It may be desired` to add the same item a number of times and in order to avoid the necessity of repeating a key action, means may be provided whereby the automatic clearing or' the keyboard due to the operation of the handle f1 may be suspended. For this purpose, a key p controlled by a sln'ing p2 is provided and is furnished with a shoulder p1 which whenthe key is depressed snaps under a catch and retains the key in the depressed The end of the key y) when depressed takes into a slot p3 in the bent up portion Z2 of the bar Z3. Then any movement of the bar Z due to the operation oll the handle will be taken up on the sliding joint between the bars Z, Z by reason of the bolts sliding in the slots Z1. Therefore, since the bar m4 is not operated at each operation of the handle the key board will not be cleared and the same item can be added any number of times by operating the handle the required number ot times.

In Figure 18 is illustrated mechanism ior clearing the number wheels and zeroizing the machine. Such mechanism comprises a key i" pivoted at r1 to some part oi the machine,

and working in a. slot r2 (Fig. l) in the key board, this slot being provided with `three lateral recesses r3, i", il, respectively into which the key can be placed. Pivoted at r to the bell crank arm (Z2 carrying the numberwheel is an L-shaped link i to which .is pivoted a link rs, the other end of which is provided with an elongated slot r9 sliding on a pin r1" on the key i'. The link es is provided A with a iin r11 aOainst which the base et the L-shaped link i" abuts. Also connecting the key i and the link 117 is a link if which is pivoted at one end to the key i at i113 and is provided at the other end with an elongated y slot w14 sliding on a pin T15 on the link i. The

normal movement of the number wheels Z will not be interfered with as they can rise and fall independently of the key i due to the elongated slots r9 and rm sliding on the pins i110 and i115.

In order to Zeroize the machine, the top key of each row of keys should be depressed so as to allow the top racks a full travel, if necessary, and then the key i should be placed in the recess This will, through the nicdium ol the links i, rs and '1112, cause the number wheels to be brought into engagement with the operating racks elf". Then the handle 'l is operated, and caw fs the top racks c" and the operating` racks c to run backwards, revolving` the wheels (Z in the reverse direction until the zero niark is showing behind the glazed aperture c in the casing c2. iVhr-n the Zero shows, the pawl Zls will come into Contact with the upper end @21 et' the lever e, and this pawl being unable to slip past the lever e, the links f/'l will slip on the pinion @11. le'fore the handle f" is returned to its normal position, the key fr should be moved into the recess r" to cause the slot '9'1" in the link T12 to move to its fullest extent along the pin i115 so as to prevent the number wheel being brought down into mesh with the operating racks. The handle is then allowed to return whereupon the key board will be cleared. Alternatively a link rl may be connected to the key i' and be adapted. to rock a bar r when the key i" is moved to the position which in turn rocks the rods A, thereby releL sing the stop keys an. Then when the handle is operated, the racks e1 will run backwardly and will clear the wheels as described above. Although this invention has been described in detail many modifications thcreo't may be effected without departing from the spirit el the invention.

The invention has been described as einbodied in a machine for sterlingl currency, but it can be equally well embodied in a machine for currencies using the decimal system by simply omitting the sections apportioned ai; herein described to pence and shillings and inserting or using units to the i'ull capacityY of the machine and identical with the units herein aiiportioncd to pounds.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is l. In a calculatingl machine, the combination of number wheels, operating mechanism for each wheel comprising a normally movable rack, a normally stationary rack and a pinion gearing with both. racks, yiekling actuating means for imparting a translation movement to the pinion, keys lor determining the extent ot movement ot one rack, a catch for the normally stationary rack, means' whereby the catch. is released by movement of the number wheel so that the movable ack may be moved by the pinion to rotate the particular number wheel and transfer anv integer from one wheel to another, and means for supporting said normally stationary rack for a predetermined amount of movement When released. f

2. In a calculating machine, the combination of number Wheels, operating mechanism 'for said Wheels comprising a normally stationary rack, a normally movable rack -and a pinion gearing with both Tracks, mechanism for operating the pinion, h and operated keys ifor det rmining the extent of normal movement of the movable rack, a cate i normally hol-ling the stationary rack against movement in either direction, second catch holding the normally stationary rack against movement in one direction, means controlled bythe movement of the number Wheel for releasing the iirst mentioned catcn When an integer is to be transferred during addition, means whereby the said catch is held out of engagement with the rack during subtraction,

means whereby the second catch is brought into engagement With the normally stationary rack during subtraction., d n'ieans whereby the second catch is movedout oi? engig .ment With the said rack Whenin the operation of subtraction an integer to be transferred.

3. In a calculating machine, the combination of number Wheels, operating mechanism for said vWheels comprising a normally stationary rack, a normally movable rack and pinion gearing with both racks, mechanism for operating the pinion to give a to and fro movement to the normally movable rack, hand-operated keys for determining` the extent of movement of the movable rack, a catch member for holding the stationary rack againstmoi-*ement in either direction, a second catch member for holding the said stationary rack against movement in one direction only, means on a number Wheel of one denomination adapted to release the'iirstmentioned catch during the operation of addition, .anfl means on the said number Wheel for releasingr the second catch during the operation of subtraction.

4. In a calculating machine, the combination of number wheels, operating mechanism icr said Wheels comprising a normally movable rack, a. normally stationary rack and a pinion gearing With both racks, means for actuating the pinion, catches for the normally stationary rack, means for releasing the catches so that the stationary rack can increase the normal movement of the movable rack to effect transfers, hand-operated keys for determining the normal movement of the movable rack, and means for automatically clearing the keyboard at the end of such complete operation.

5. In a calculating machine, the combination oic number Wheels operating mechanism Ytor said Wheels comprising a normally movable rack, a normally stationary rack and a pinion gearing with both racks, means for actuating the pinion, indexing keys acting on depression to determine the normal movement of the'movable rack, means for operating the stationary rack to increase the movements of a number Wheel as determined by a depressed key, and thereby eiect transfers and means for zeroizing a total registered on said wheels and for clearing the keyboard.

6. In a calculating machine, a set of accumulator Wheels; a vdriving mechanism individual to each Wheel; a set of denominational banks of keys, one for each driving mechztnism, for determining the extent of its active movement; a release key for each bank of keys to release lany depressed key therein, said release key constituting the zero stop key; a general operator common to all the driving mechanisms; a bar associated with all theV release keys-to actuate them simultaneously; and a connection between said bar and the general operator for automatically actuating the former during each complete movement of the latter.

7 In a calculating machine which comprises accumulator Wheels, devices for running numbers thereinto, a flexible denomina` tional keyboard. for setting up the numbers on said devices, and a general operator for all said devices: a set of release keys, one for each denomination of the keyboard, each of keys-*constituting the zero stop key; a bar commonA to .all the release keys to actuate them simultaneouslyg'bell crank supporting means-for said bar 5 and a connection between the bell crank means and the general operator for automatically rocking the former in a direct-ion to depress Vthe release keys during each complete operation of said general operator.

8. In a calculating machine Which comprises accumulator Wheels, devices for running numbers therein, a flexible denominational keyboard for setting up the numbers on said devices, and a general operator for all said devices: a set of release keys, one for each denomination of the keyboard, each of said keys constitutingthe zero stop key; a

bar common to all the release keys to depressthem simultaneously; a connection between said bar and the general operator for automatically actuating the former during each complete movement of the latter; and a special key loosely related to said connection for operating the same at will independently of the general operator.

9. A calculating machine, according t0 claim 8, in which the special key has an inclined portion for coaction With, but normally spaced from, a pin on the connection between the general operator and the actuating bar to cam said bar forward when the special key is depressed. y

10. In a calculating machine which comprises accumulator Wheels, devices for running numbers thereinto, a flexible denominational keyboard for settino up the numbers on said devices, and a general operator for all said devices: a set of release keys, one for each denomination of the keyboard, each of said keys eonstituting` the Zero stop key; a bar c minion to all the release keys to acti atc them simultaneously; a pivoted lever; a ineniber connected at opposite ends to said lever and said ba 'g and an arm on the general operator 'to trip said lever and thereby actuate said member and bar.

ll. ln a calculatingv machine, a set of number wheels; a driving rack for each wheel; a set ol carrier frames, one for each wheel, each fran'ie having an upper counting` rack and a lower transfer ack wrangged on one face in spaced relation; a pinion interposed between each pair of spaced racks; a direct connection between each pinion and a drivrate 'the re' tial number wxh-:el 5 yieldiiigl actuating means for imparting a translation movement to each pinion to shift the respective counting rack; and indexing keys for determining; the extent to which the countinggr racks and, hence, the driving racks are shifted.

l2. A calculating;` machine, according to claim ll, additionally comprising a shaft, a

set of arms thereon, one foreach pinion, and means for driviiigsaid shaft; and in which the yielding meins for imparting translation movements to the pinions coniprises z set of links each connected at one end to the respective pinion and having,` a lost-motion connection at the other end with the corresponding arm on the shaft.

i3. A calculatinel machine, according to claim ll, additionally coniprisinga. main shaft, an auxiliary shaft driven thercliy, a set of arms on each shaft, one arm for iach pinion, and a. rocking carrier for each number wheel, each carrier pivotally connected to one of the arms on the main shaft to be rocked thereby so as to un couple and couple the number wheels with and from the driving racks; and in which the yielding means for impartA ing,r t 'anslation movements to the pinions comprises a set of links each connected at one end to the respective pinion and having a lost-motion connection at the other end with the cor responding` arm on the auxiliary shaf 14. ln a calculating machine, the combination of number wheels, ope 'ating mechanism for each of said wheels comprising an upper normally-1novable counting rack and a lower normally-stationary transfer rack, a ea:g rior f ame having both Iacks mounted on one face thereof, and a pinion gearing with both racks; means 'for actuating` the pinions; keys acting directly on the upper racks for determining their normal movement, a driving member individual to each number wheel operated from the respective pinion; a. catch for each stationary rack; means whereby the catch is released by the movement of the number wheel so that the movable rack may be moved by the pinion to rotate the particular n'un'iber wheel and transfer an integer from one wheel to another; and means for g' each normally stationary rack lfor einined movement when released.

l5. n calculating; machine, the coinbination el' nuinl er wheels, operating; mechanism for each of said wheels eoniiirising` a normally-niovable counting rack, a iioruiallystationirj tansfe rack, and a pinion gearing w ii both racks return/ing mechanism forthe 1iinionsg keys or determining the iioin'ial movement of the ciuntiie racks; rearing controlled from the racks ier operatingY the number wheels; catches Ytor each statioiiary rack; and releasing iawls for said catches movable into one position for a( 'tion and into another position for subtraction, said pawls effecting Jihe action of the transfer racks for both adei le. ln i calculating' machine, a set of accunu'iiatoi.' i fh'eels; a. set of individual driving; racks ther "g an actuating` device for each drivii rack reinprising` a counting," rack and xtransit-r rack, and a pinion meshing; with :e counting; and trans'lci racks; a bank of WrLLniM BALL. 

